多抗番茄新品种‘红迪’

‘红迪’番茄是以自交系11FP033为母本，自交系09FP253为父本配制而成的杂交一代新品种。无限生长型，植株长势强，8 ~ 9节着生第1花序，每花序着生6 ~ 7朵花，连续坐果能力强。果实圆球形，熟果红亮，单果质量240 ~ 260 g，硬度佳，耐裂，可溶性固形物含量3.8%，番茄红素含量56.2 mg • kg-1，维生素C含量202 mg • kg-1。产量120 000 kg • hm-2。抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病、南方根结线虫、枯萎病、叶霉病、晚疫病和灰叶斑病，适宜四川、山东、山西及西北地区春秋保护地及露地栽培。     

郁金香新品种‘黄玉’

‘黄玉’是从郁金香‘Golden Apeldoorn’的芽变中选育的新品种。株高37 cm，花单生于茎顶，鲜黄色，外轮花瓣外侧黄绿色。生育期75 d，盛花期13 d，花朵品质高，抗寒能力强，是优良的盆栽和园林绿化品种。     

PBAT生物降解地膜与加厚型塑料地膜降解性能及对番茄生长的影响

为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。     

Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.     

农机制造企业的可靠性保障体系

可靠性作为衡量农机装备性能的重要指标，不仅关系到农机装备的使用状态，更关系到农机制造企业的声誉与发展，如何保障农机装备的可靠性已成为当前我国农机装备产业亟待解决的关键问题。结合我国农机制造企业的实际情况，从可靠性保障体系建立、农机装备研发可靠性保障、外购件可靠性保障、可靠性驱动装配工艺和农机装备售后可靠性保障等方面着手，对我国农机制造企业可靠性保障体系的实施进行探讨。研究结果对提升我国农机装备的可靠性水平具有重要的指导意义。      

芜湖市5所公园地被植物应用状况分析

为进一步明确地被植物在城市公园中的景观应用,采用实地调研的方法,记录并分析安徽省芜湖市内的赭山公园、镜湖公园、九莲塘公园、滨江公园（一期）和雕塑公园的地被植物应用状况。结果显示,5所公园常用地被植物共有94种,其中草本41种、木本53种,麦冬等7种草本及洒金桃叶珊瑚等32种木本地被植物应用最多;各公园的滨水区域地被植物应用各具特色,常应用迎春花、火棘等地被植物作为衔接。笔者就芜湖市公园地被植物应用方面提出了思考与建议,为城市公园地被植物应用提供参考。     

香格里拉普达措国家公园扩建研究

为提升香格里拉普达措国家公园的整体性和有效保护,对迪庆州范围内具有重要生态价值的区域,从国家代表性、生态系统重要性和管理可行性3个方面进行系统评估。适宜性分析结果认为,拟扩建区域山地植被垂直带谱典型完整,足以支撑地带性生物区系,区内多样的地貌构造以及珍贵、罕见的地质地貌景观和遗迹,具有十分重要的世界意义和保护价值,动植物区系较完整,能维持种群生存繁衍、生态功能稳定和生态系统健康,生态原真性十分突出。扩建后国家公园面积1030919.93 hm²,涉及香格里拉市的11个乡镇。综合评价认为,拟扩建区域资源具有国家代表性,生态系统突出,并具备管理可行性,全面符合建设国家公园的条件。提出将白马雪山、哈巴雪山、千湖山、红山、梅里雪山和碧罗雪山等6片区纳入普拉措国家公园扩建范围,并对扩建后国家公园更名、建立管理体制、运行机制等方面提出建议。     

软枣猕猴桃叶片愈伤组织诱导技术的研究

[目的]由于软枣猕猴桃在初代培养中外植体诱导率极低且快繁效果差,因此进行其组织培养技术体系的研究,以期解决其人工种植的难题.[方法]本研究以软枣猕猴桃展叶为外植体,通过采用不同消毒试剂及消毒处理时间,筛选出最佳的灭菌程序;将不同培养基与不同浓度的KT、2,4-D组合,筛选出最佳的初代培养基配方.[结果]选用展叶为外植体,75％CH3CH2OH处理30 s后以10％NaClO处理20 min,0.1％HgCl2处理15 min后无菌水冲洗3～4次,接至pH=5.8的MS+1 mg·L-1 KT+0.5 mg·L-12,4-D+3％白糖+0.55％琼脂培养基上,置于光照2500 lx、8 h·d-1,26℃下培养8 d后有少部分愈伤组织出现,60 d后平均单芽愈伤组织达0.8 g以上,平均单个愈伤组织长度0.7～1.4 cm,属中块愈伤组织.[结论]以本实验得出的愈伤组织培养方法进行培养,可有效提高诱导率,达到快繁的目的.     

昆明海口林场滇藏钝果寄生的调查及寄生特性分析

桑寄生科(Loranthaceae)植物是常见的半寄生灌木,其过度繁殖会影响天然林和人工林生态、经济和社会效应的发挥.前期调查发现,昆明海口林场部分地区具有桑寄生危害,其主要种类为滇藏钝果寄生.为监控滇藏钝果寄生在林场的传播扩散,了解其寄生初期的选择偏好,本研究以昆明市海口林场滇藏钝果寄生危害最严重地区为中心,对其周边4个区域的传播情况进行样方调查,统计滇藏钝果寄生的寄主选择模式、构建寄生强度与寄主生长特征的归回关系.结果 表明,滇藏钝果寄生于郁闭度最低(30％)、坡度最大(27°)的样方2 (M2,中心样方)中危害严重,其余4个样方(M1,M3,M4,M5;周边样方)的感染程度较低,尚处于扩散初期.滇藏钝果寄生在所调查样地中具有明显的寄主选择性,几乎仅存在于槲栎中,但其扩散与槲栎在群落中的百分率无明显相关性.采用逐步回归法构建槲栎生长特征与寄生强度的线性关系,其冠幅和胸径可依次引入回归模型中,修正后的拟合度R2为0.526,方程式为y=-0.467+0.152x1+0.110x2.滇藏钝果寄生于样方M2和M1中的寄生高度百分率集中分布于40％～80％之间,而于M3、M4和M5中变幅较大,无明显集中区.该研究结果可为滇藏钝果寄生的生态防治提供科学基础.     

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.